To advance the dialogue between high-level institutional and industry stakeholders on current challenges in the field of connected and automated mobility, the 5G Automotive Association (5GAA) is organising an online conference on 28 September 2021, from 9:15 AM to 3 PM CEST.
Representatives from the European institutions, local and national authorities as well as 5GAA members will discuss ongoing challenges for connected and automated mobility and provide solutions by presenting the capabilities and deployment models of the Cellular-Vehicle-to-Everything (“C-V2X”) technology.
If you have any questions, please get in touch at secretariat@5gaa.org.
With multiple engagement platforms and tailored content, US IOOs and the overall road infrastructure operators community can learn more about the superior safety benefits of C-V2X technology and engage with a growing ecosystem of telecom providers, chipset makers, and auto OEMs to identify synergies, opportunities, and potential business models to accelerate and streamline deployment of this life-saving technology.
Membership will allow 5GAA, road operators community to continue the productive conversations initiated e.g. with US IOOs during the C-V2X Workshop for North American Transportation Planning and North American Road Operators in Washington D.C (April 2018), where 5GAA presented a vision for a connected future (here) or European National Road Administrations (NRAs) and road infrastructure operators during a similar C-V2X Workshop and Demonstration in Paris, France (July 2018).
Download the complete FAQ list here.
For any questions regarding our future activities and future engagement opportunities, please email us at liaison@5gaa.org.
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Advances in communication technologies open up new opportunities and enable new types of services in the automotive area. These include road safety, traffic efficiency and customer services which are not specifically meant for automotive applications. As advanced V2X use cases requiring high reliability and/or high data rate are introduced, technologies such as multi-antenna solutions (e.g. massive MIMO), broadband (e.g. carrier aggregation), and FR2 solutions will be essential for V2X communications, and thus the number of required antennas mounted on vehicles will keep growing.
This study on the ‘Distributed vehicular antennas system’ provides a list of potential implementation options for vehicular-DAS with a brief analysis of impacts to 3GPP specifications and implementation costs. In addition, the potential performance gain of DAS over co-located antennas was verified through simulations, and the evaluation results and analysis were included in eCV2X WI TR.
Read the full report here.
The 5G Automotive Association (5GAA) is a global, cross-industry organisation of companies from the automotive, technology, and telecommunications industries (ICT), working together to develop end-to-end solutions for future mobility and transportation services.
+110 Members Community
+90 Completed Work Items Work Items
7 Working Groups Items
1 Objective Connected mobility
Celebrating 5 years of digital transformations
and innovative mobility solutions
meeting today’s challenges.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), roughly 1.25 million road traffic fatalities worldwide in 2013, with another 20–50 million injured or disabled through traffic accidents. Vehicles sharing information make transportation safer, greener, and more enjoyable are at our doorstep. The technologies associated with this concept are collectively known as Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS). The impact on road safety alone is sufficiently significant to make C-ITS a priority.
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The 5GAA – 5G Automotive Association e.V. (5GAA) places great importance on the protection of your personal data and is committed to comply with all applicable data protection laws and regulations.
The following Privacy Notice will provide you with information about the personal data we collect, process and use when you visit 5GAA’s website, become a member of the association, otherwise use our services or when we interact or communicate with you in any other way. Please note that if you use services provided by third parties, only the Privacy Notice of these third parties shall apply to the personal data processed via these services.
The responsible data controller, that means the entity deciding why and how to process your personal data, is:
5GAA – 5G Automotive Association e.V.
Neumarkter Str. 21
81673 Munich (Germany)
Tel.: + 49 89 54 90 96 80
Fax: + 49 89 54 90 96 85
secretariat@5gaa.org
5GAA is a global, cross-industry organization of companies from the automotive, technology, and telecommunications industries (ICT), working together to develop end-to-end solutions for future mobility and transportation services.
We collect information from you when you use our website, complete our “Contact us” form, apply to join the association or to cooperate with us in any other way, are a member of the association, join or participate in our working groups, register for an event or otherwise interact with us. We may also receive information on you from our member companies and institutions that you are associated with (for example as an employee).
The personal data we collect might include your title, first name, surname, gender, date of birth, address, email address, phone number, IP address, and information regarding what pages are accessed and when.
We may also collect information relating to your employment, including where you are currently employed, your job title, areas of interest/expertise and your job function if this is relevant to your interaction with us. In applications for some categories of membership we ask you to identify a reference by providing their name and address. Please make sure that you have obtained the consent of the reference prior to providing the contact details.
We may also collect your personal data (e.g. name, email address, organisation, function, other relevant contact data), in particular with respect to your function as policymaker or representative of the media or of a public authority, from publicly available sources or within the scope of our business activities from our external sources.
We process your personal data for the following purposes:
To support us with the administration of your membership and the coordination of our activities (such as hosting and organizing events), our service provider MCI Deutschland GmbH will access and process your personal data on our behalf.
In addition, we will disclose your personal data to our third-party service providers, agents, subcontractors and other associated organizations for the purposes of completing tasks and providing services to you on our behalf. These service providers include, for example, fulfilment providers for delivery of our digital content and newsletters; member service agencies; hosts, organizers and sponsors of our events; organizations that host our website or databases; and providers of online surveys. We may also disclose your personal data to legal consultants or similar third parties where this is necessary for our legitimate interests, for example for the prevention or detection of fraud or other crimes. However, when we share your personal data with third parties, we disclose only the personal information that is necessary to deliver the services and we have contracts that require them to keep your information secure and not to use it for their own purposes.
If you subscribe to a mailing list of a working group, we may disclose your personal data, in particular your name, the name of the organisation that you are representing, your job title and your email address to other delegates or participants of the same or similar working groups.
Where we are required by applicable laws, we will also disclose your personal data to law enforcement, government authorities or courts.
We will not sell or rent your information to third parties unless you have given your express consent for us to do so where required by law.
We will process your personal data on the following legal bases under Article 6 of the EU General Data Protection Regulation:
Your personal data will be processed both inside the European Union (“EU”) and the European Economic Area (EEA) and outside by the parties specified in Section 4 above.
Please note that EU / EEA Member States and other countries all have different laws regarding the protection of personal data. If we transfer your personal data from your own country to another country, the laws and rules that protect your personal data in the country to which your information is transferred to can be different (or less protective) from those in the country in which you live.
If we transfer any of your personal data outside the EU or EEA, we will, to the extent that this is required by applicable data protection laws and regulations, ensure that the recipient of the personal data provides for an adequate level of data protection, in particular, by implementing safeguards such as standard contractual clauses approved by the European Commission or by relying on an adequacy decision by the European Commission. Further information can be found here: https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-topic/data-protection/data-transfers-outside-eu_en.
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5GAA maintains appropriate technical and organizational security measures designed to protect your personal data against accidental, unlawful or unauthorized destruction, loss, alteration, access, disclosure or use.
Non-sensitive details (your email address etc.) are transmitted normally over the Internet, and this can never be guaranteed to be 100% secure. As a result, while we strive to protect your personal data, we cannot guarantee the security of any information you transmit to us, and you do so at your own risk. Once we receive your personal data, we make our best effort to ensure its security on our systems. Where we have given (or where you have chosen) a password which enables you to access certain parts of our website, you are responsible for keeping this password confidential. We ask you not to share your password with anyone.
We will not retain your personal data longer than necessary to fulfil the purposes the data was collected for or to fulfil our legal obligations. Afterwards, we will delete your personal data.
If you wish to receive further specific information on the applicable retention periods, please contact us under the contact details mentioned in Section 11.
To the extent permitted by applicable data protection laws and regulations, you have the right to access your personal data that we hold on you, to update or correct your data so that it is always accurate and to request the deletion of your personal data if it is no longer needed for the purposes above. Furthermore, you have the right to restrict the processing of your data in certain circumstances (for example, where you have contested the accuracy of your data, for the period enabling us to verify its accuracy) and to obtain a copy of your personal data (including in an electronic, machine-readable format).
Moreover, you have the right to withdraw your consent at any time where your personal data is processed with your consent, without affecting the lawfulness of processing based on consent before its withdrawal.
You also have a right to object to the processing of your personal data:
In the event and to the extent that we process your personal data based on our legitimate interests as mentioned above, you have the right to object to the processing on specific grounds relating to your particular situation. In such case we will no longer process your personal data unless we have compelling legitimate grounds for the processing which override your interests, rights and freedoms or for the establishment, exercise or defense of legal claims.
In the event and to the extent that we process your personal data for direct marketing purposes, you have the right to object at any time to processing of your personal data for such marketing.
Please note that legal exceptions (such as mandatory retention periods or rights of third parties) may limit your rights.
To exercise your rights, please reach out to us via the contact details mentioned in Section 11.
You also have the right to lodge a complaint with a competent data protection supervisory authority.
We welcome any queries and complaints you may have regarding how we process your personal data via e-mail to secretariat@5gaa.org or in written form to 5GAA – 5G Automotive Association e.V. – Head Office, Neumarkter Str. 21, 81673 Munich (Germany).
This privacy notice will be updated to reflect changes either regarding the way in which we process your personal data or changes to data protection legislation. We will bring any significant changes to your attention by updating this information and making it available on our website. To make sure that you keep up to date, we suggest that you revisit this notice from time to time. In addition, we will examine whether in individual cases there is an obligation to provide other notification in the event of any changes to this information and in this case, we will comply with the existing notification obligation.
This Privacy Notice was last updated in January 2021.
The 5G Automotive Association (5GAA) is a global, cross-industry organisation bridging the gap between automotive, technology, and telecom industries and promoting the C-V2X technology (Cellular vehicle-to-everything), a comprehensive platform for connected vehicles, safety, and transportation.
5GAA was created in September 2016 by its eight founding members: AUDI AG, BMW Group, Daimler AG, Ericsson, Huawei, Intel, Nokia and Qualcomm Incorporated.
5GAA unites now more than 130 companies diverse both in terms of geography and expertise. These include automotive manufacturers, tier-1 suppliers, chipset/communication system providers, mobile operators and infrastructure vendors. Find the full list of members here.
5GAA’s members are committed to helping define and develop global solutions for the next generation of connected mobility and automated vehicle solutions to address the complex challenge of providing enhanced safety, sustainability, and convenience for all road users. Read more about 5GAA’s mission here.
Since its creation, 5GAA has helped transform C-V2X technology from a standard into a market reality and has established 5G as the reference for future automotive connectivity. The association is now regarded as the global lead organisation on automotive connectivity. (link to the 5th anniversary report)
Major publications, reports and white papers include:
5GAA is working on the basis of 5 association pillars: as the first and overarching pillar, 5GAA aims to bring value to its members. Four main pillars help to achieve this overarching pillar: (1) enable deployment by lifting barrier and accelerating time-to-market, (2) contribute to standardisation via pre-standardisation efforts of automotive connectivity, (3) advocate policymakers by addressing regional opportunities and threats, and (4) leverage innovative solutions within the larger connected automotive community.
The association is contribution-driven and only exists through collaborations and communications between its members.
Between 2019 and 2021, 5GAA’s work focused on eight priority areas: security and privacy, road infrastructure, Vulnerable road users, positioning, interoperability, cellular network, and flexible architecture and technology evolution. All of the priority areas are contributing to the association’s vision: “connected mobility for people, vehicles, and transport infrastructure”. You can find more information on 5GAA’s work here.
The association includes an Executive Committee, a Board, and a General Assembly. The Board, composed of eighteen members elected every year by the General Assembly, supervises and advises the Executive Committee in all respects, in particular with regard to strategic guidance. The Executive Committee is the legal representative body of the association and is responsible for its day-to-day management. You can know more about the 5GAA’s leadership and Board at this link.
In order to address society’s transport needs, 5GAA has seven working groups focused on:
5GAA Working Groups are overseeing the work done in the work programme made of a large number of Work Items. Work Items are time-limited targeted activities which may report to more than one Working Group depending on their tasks. Outputs from Work Items can take many different shapes: Technical Report, Technical Specifications, White Papers, measurements, prototypes and/or demonstrations.
5GAA believe true ecosystem cooperation must be achieved around sustainable business models. An ecosystem that would gather the whole value-chain of connected mobility, seamlessly interacting with partners and standardisation bodies.
5GAA collaborates with different actors active in many fields: Standardisation bodies, Testing, Conformance and Interoperability organisations, Promotion Groups and Think Tanks, and regional organisations. 5GAA is also part of several European and national projects related to 5G networks and connected mobility. You can discover more on 5GAA’s partnerships here.
Friends of 5GAA is a group subscribing to a global newsletter addressing issues of interest and concerns to organisations that are not members but would like to keep up-to-date on 5GAA’s activities: typically road operators, ministries, public bodies, etc. They can also engage with the 5GAA members to identify synergies and business opportunities to accelerate and streamline the deployment of connected automotive.
Cellular-V2X (C-V2X), as initially defined as LTE V2X in 3GPP Release 14, is a technology that allows vehicles to communicate with each other and the wider transport ecosystem.
It includes Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-(Roadway) Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) direct communication without necessarily relying on network involvement for scheduling. This is complemented by the connectivity to the mobile network (V2N) using LTE.
C-V2X has a clear evolution path to 5G (also called 5G New Radio (NR)) for both modes of operation mentioned above. C-V2X direct communication has an evolution path to 5G-NR based C-V2X, and LTE- network communication has its evolution patch to 5G-NR network communication.
5GAA supports the idea that 5G will be the ultimate platform to enable C-ITS and the provision of V2X. 5G will be able to better carry mission-critical communications for safer driving, and further support enhanced V2X communications and connected mobility solutions.
V2X includes:
C-V2X technology combines two complementary modes of communication:
Direct & short-range connectivity for safety applications without requiring network coverage or subscription. This operates in designated ITS spectrum bands (e.g. ITS 5.9 GHz) also known as “LTE-PC5”. C-V2X direct communication gives vehicles the ability to communicate with each other (V2V), to pedestrians (V2P), to roadway infrastructure (V2I), enabling safer, more autonomous vehicles of the future;
Connectivity via regular cellular networks for non-safety applications like navigation and infotainment in the car. This operates in the traditional mobile broadband licensed spectrum – also known as “LTE-Uu”. C-V2X network communication allows vehicles to communicate with the network (V2N).
In China, cars enabled with Cellular-Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) technology are already available. To this date, 14 C-V2X vehicles have been commercialised so far. In the United States, Ford has committed to deploy C-V2X in all new vehicle models from early 2022. Finally, in Europe, BMW and Samsung are set to offer 5G/CV2X in their iNEXT vehicle this year, in 2021.
In 2020, 5GAA released a Visionary 2030 Roadmap outlining the vehicle-to-everything (V2X) use cases to improve traffic efficiency and road safety around the world expected in the next decade. Close to 200 million ‘connected vehicles’ are already on the roads worldwide, and a growing number of vehicles with the ability to exchange traffic and road condition information over cellular networks. Further progress in the coming years will pivot around 5G-V2X use cases for more efficient and safe driving. From 2025 onwards, 5GAA expects the mass rollout of more advanced automated driving and safety use cases supported by vehicle connectivity. Additional automated driving functionalities are anticipated from 2026.
5G for automotive has the potential to have the most revolutionary impact by saving millions of lives by reducing road accidents. Furthermore, it will have a positive impact by producing more efficient journeys, minimising travel times, traffic jams and improving environmental footprints. Unlike other competitive technologies, C-V2X leverages both cost-effective direct short-range communications and long-range cellular connectivity. This allows more cost-effective use of an integrated connectivity platform to address the broadest range of safety features.
The cost-efficiency of C-V2X is determined mainly by the three following reasons:
C-V2X integration with existing cellular modem: C-V2X can deliver both short-range safety V2X applications and long-range network communications via the one modem, which accelerates time to market and market penetration, contributing to enhanced safety and reducing cost;
For pedestrians, C-V2X will also find its way into consumer-electronics smartphones both for use by pedestrians, cyclists and unequipped vehicles due to its low power consumption and its possible integration with 4G/LTE chipsets;
Benefit from the economy of scale as it can leverage synergies between transportation and other verticals which are moving towards 5G (e.g. e-health, smart cities, industry 4.0, smart farming, etc.)
C-V2X will improve safety on roads by tremendously facilitating the flow of information between vehicles, pedestrians, and road infrastructure. This will enable connected vehicles to anticipate and avoid dangerous situations, reducing collisions and potentially saving lives.
More connected mobility with C-V2X can help address the constantly growing need for mobility while achieving lower emissions with a 5-20% estimated emission reduction potential. Connected mobility will increase transport efficiency and driving patterns, thus reducing congestion, fuel consumption and emissions. Moreover, it will allow the creation of new ways around traffic flow management and better, more localised environmental control (e.g., dynamic geofencing). 5GAA and its members are convinced the global deployment of C-V2X technology will have a sustainable impact worldwide. However, connected vehicles must reach a critical mass to impact emissions reduction significantly. Read here to have more information about the environmental benefits of C-V2X.
5G technologies are the next generation of wireless networks. It is key to transmitting more extensive amounts of data more reliably, with lower latency and at faster speeds than ever before.
C-V2X is the next generation telematics that can support new automotive deployments and build a new transportation ecosystem for the future.
The C-V2X technology is already available but to support the autonomous vehicles of tomorrow, the technology must evolve to meet more demanding safety requirements. 5G will facilitate this evolution. Its extreme throughput, low latency, and enhanced reliability will allow vehicles to share rich, real-time data, supporting fully autonomous driving experiences.
The 5G Automotive Association (5GAA) is shaping the path to 5G by supporting C-V2X, as well as working to deliver innovations in on-device intelligence and integration in connected vehicles. The 5GAA is confident that a technically superior standards-based cost-effective and scalable access technology from the cellular industry will carry C-ITS and Connected Vehicle applications well into the 5G era and beyond.
Under its current Work Programme, 5GAA seeks to leverage today and tomorrow’s innovative C-V2X solutions
for a safer, greener and more efficient transportation system, benefiting all road users.
5GAA intends to develop application-level groundwork
for the next-generation services (based on 3GPP Rel-16)
with advanced use cases involving complex message
interactions for assisted, autonomous (Level 1 – Level 5)
and automated driving (supported by infrastructure).
Edge computing offers cloud computing capabilities at the edge of the network. 5GAA considers Edge computing as one of the key supporting technologies for many V2X services for connected and automated driving.
However, despite the many remaining challenges, 5GAA’s ongoing Work Item aims to demonstrate the use of MEC technology for automotive services e.g. in multi-MNO, multi-OEM, multi-MEC system environments.
The study on E2E Network Slicing and Predictive QoS described an evolved QoS framework for C-V2X in 5G, called predictive QoS, which can be enable by network slicing, multi-access edge computing, and machine learning.
The enhanced C-V2X study describes how LTE-V2X and 5G-V2X will eventually complement each other for the support of different use cases.
Despite technological progress and advanced safety features, VRUs still represent a large portion of road fatalities and severe injuries.
5GAA has been working on a VRU protection roadmap including use case definition, technical enablers and advanced protocols evaluation as well as a go-to-market and standardisation strategy.
More and more driver assistance functionalities, especially for automated driving, are using connectivity. When related to safety, failure of these functionalities might lead to severe danger for passengers.
GAA has been working on identifying the needs and possibilities to define appropriate requirements for connected functions to ensure a high level of functional safety.
Tele-operation of vehicles after an incident or in difficult situations (including parking) is widely considered as a high-potential V2X service. Prior to its widescale commercial implementation, functional and architectural requirements still need to be clarified from a technical and regulatory perspective, particularly in multi-OEM, multi-MNO, and multi-Road Traffic Authority (RTA) environments.
5GAA is studying the requirements and framework needed for automated vehicle operation (tele-operation) covering the possible interfaces and stakeholders.
The C-V2X technology revolutionises the mobility ecosystem and how drivers interact with the world. It is essential to redefine transportation by providing real-time, highly reliable, and actionable information flows to enable safety, mobility and environmental applications.
5GAA established C-V2X as the critical technology to achieve the level of connectivity required for V2X communication and to be a disruptive force in the automotive market.
Following extensive validation testing, off-the-shelf LTE-V2X chipsets, modules, On-Board Units (OBU) and RSU (Roadside Units) have been globally available from multiple vendors since 2018.
These devices feature LTE-V2X direct communications (PC5) and LTE-V2X mobile network communications (Uu). The latest generation of devices features 5G-V2X mobile network communications (Uu) based on 3GPP Release 15.
5GAA regularly compiles an overview of the C-V2X Devices, which we understand are already publicly available on the market (the latest issue in November 2021). This overview is based on publicly available information and does not necessarily include factory-fit telematics/V2X boxes directly under contract with automakers.
The start of in-vehicle commercial deployment (i.e. type-approved vehicles) has begun in 2020-2021. A significant testing schedule is already underway for 5G-V2X, the next generation for cellular technology-based communications solutions, with more than 20 trials and early deployments globally.
Since 2010, the Directive on Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) regulates the framework for the deployment of these systems in the field of road transport and for interfaces with other modes of transport. In December 2021, the European Commission published a proposal to amend the ITS Directive. The proposal was reviewed by the European co-legislators at the end of 2022 and adopted in October 2023. The revised Directive aims to take account of technological developments including connected and automated mobility, on-demand mobility applications and multimodal transport.
European administrations have designated the bands 5855-5875 MHz and 5875-5925 MHz – for use by road ITS as specified. As is common practice in Europe, the spectrum is designated on a technology neutral basis.
2021-2027: The Connected Europe Facility (CEF) proposes 5G infrastructure along connected and automated mobility corridors. This will see a fast ramp-up of 5G network deployment along main transport paths and the private sector, with support from the CEF.
In November 2020 the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) published its 5.9 GHz ruling which points to C-V2X as technology of choice, among the following lines:
• Allows C-V2X in upper 30 MHz after an expedited waiver process
• DSRC will move to lower 10 MHz until the end of the phasing-out period (one year from the effective date of the Report & Order)
• FCC puts a spotlight on OEMs to bring V2X to the finish line
In December 2021, industry and state DOTs submitted a join request for a waiver to deploy C-V2X in upper MHz of the 5.9 GHz band; in April 2023, the FCC decided to permit initial deployments.
In August 2024, the U.S. Department of Transportation released it V2X National Deployment Plan, outlining a roadmap to accelerate the adoption of V2X technology for enhanced road safety. Developed in consultation with 5GAA and other stakeholders, the plan focuses on ensuring interoperability, encouraging investment, and prioritising privacy, and sets short-, medium-, and long-term goals to achieve widespread deployment.
In November 2024, the FCC announced final spectrum rules allowing in-vehicle and roadside units to operate Cellular-Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) technology in the 5.9 GHz spectrum dedicated to ITS, and providing a two-year timeline for sunsetting the use of existing Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) based technology.
China was the first country to have a national strategy for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). To demonstrate the potential benefits of connected and intelligent highways and urban roads, more than 90 cities have already partnered with local wireless network operators to deploy RSUs and China has opened up over 5.000km of roads for intelligent V2X pilot demonstration.
In 2019, 13 OEMs announced mass production of C-V2X cars as of 2020. As of 2022, there are at least 12 C-V2X equipped vehicle models already launched in China.
The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology also established dedicates C-V2X spectrum in the 5905-5925 MHz band.
In 2024, the Chinese government launched a pilot project of “Vehicle-Road-Cloud Integration” Application for Intelligent Connected Vehicles. In Jully 2024, the final list of list of 20 cities was determined. The project will be implemented until 2026.
The South Korean Government released an updated C-ITS plan in August 2021, including a plan to deploy dual mode RSUs on a trial target area of 2,400km express highway for pre-commercial service in 2023.
In South Korea, 70 MHz is allocated as ITS spectrum in the 5.9 GHz band. In March 2022, the Ministry of Science & ICT (MSIT) released the following spectrum policy for the 5.9 GHz ITS band.
In December 2023, South Korea selected Cellular-Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) direct communications as its technology of choice, complimenting C-V2X mobile network communications to offer a synergetic platform for connected mobility.
Following this decision, in June 2024, the Korean Ministry of Science & ICT (MSIT) released the final technical regulation standard.
In its 2020 revisions of the Frequency Action Plan, Japan’s Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) developed a tangible plan toward the opening of 5.9 GHz for ITS by 2023. In 2023, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications released its Frequency Reorganisation Plan, which assigns the 5.9 GHz spectrum to V2X for next-generation ITS.
This followed various studies conducted in Japan (such as the Cross-Ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Programme’s (SIP) study on use cases for Cooperative Driving Automation), which identified new spectrum as a requirement for automated driving.
In 2024, the Japanese government initiated a new trial for the 5.9 GHz band, focusing on an automated truck demonstration experiment on the Shin-Tomei Expressway. Building on the results of this trial, the government plans to begin standardization of 5.9 GHz V2X communication in 2026, with the goal of achieving practical implementation by 2030.
Over recent years, India has witnessed increasing activities related to V2X. These include updated traffic management system standards introduced by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) and the recommendation by the Indian government to include V2X in the Bharat NCAP. Moreover, in December 2023, the Telecommunications Standards Development Society of India (TSDSI) organized a workshop titled “Autonomous Road Transportation for Indian Scenarios.” Where they explored the global perspective on Connected Vehicles and Autonomous V2X use cases, India’s vision for Connected Autonomous V2X, and the challenges, opportunities, and readiness of the country in adopting these technologies.
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways is actively considering the use of advanced technologies such as 5G and C-V2X to reduce road accidents.
In October 2023, the Indian Government’s Telecommunication Engineering Centre (TEC) published a report endorsing C-V2X technology. In October 2024, TEC established a dedicated Task Force to drive the development and implementation of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) across India.
Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything, or C-V2X, is a connected mobility platform that allows vehicles to interact with their surroundings, such as other vehicles, cyclists, pedestrians, road infrastructure, or mobile networks.
To enable connectivity within the broader transport ecosystem, C-V2X uses two complementary transmission modes.
First, direct communications (PC5) works independently of cellular networks and allows vehicles to communicate with other road users (cyclists, pedestrians or other vehicles). Second, network communications (Uu) leverages conventional mobile networks to enable vehicles to receive real-time information about road conditions and local traffic.
By connecting individual vehicles and enabling the development of cooperative intelligent transport systems that reduce congestion and pollution, C-V2X can transform how we look at traffic information to enhance travel and increase road safety.
C-V2X continually evolves over multiple releases in 3GPP. Cellular-V2X (C-V2X) is the umbrella term which encapsulates all 3GPP V2X technologies, including both direct (PC5) and mobile network communications (Uu).
A major milestone was achieved in 2017 by completing LTE-V2X in Release 14, including both direct and mobile network communications delivering basic safety use cases. In 2020, 5G-V2X was completed in Release 16, also combining direct and mobile network communications to enable advanced and automated driving use cases.
3GPP is a worldwide Standardisation Development Organisation (SDO) developing standards for the different generations of mobile networks: GSM (2G), UMTS (3G), LTE (4G) and 5G, targeting a wide range of consumer and industry applications. When applied in a vehicle connectivity context the acronym V2X (vehicle-to-everything) is added.
C-V2X provides one unified solution for V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), and V2P (vehicle-to pedestrian) operation with V2N (vehicle-to-network) by leveraging existing cellular network infrastructure.
In the device-to-device mode (V2V, V2I, V2P) operation, C-V2X does not necessarily require any network infrastructure. It can operate without a SIM, without network assistance and uses GNSS as its primary time synchronisation source.
C-V2X also supports V2N applications using existing cellular networks where other voices and data communications occur. V2N would deliver network assistance and commercial services requiring the involvement of a Mobile Network Operator (MNO).
Collectively, the transmission modes of shorter-range direct communications (V2V, V2I, V2P) and longer-range network-based communications (V2N) comprise what we call Cellular-V2X[2].
[1] Relies on the PC5 interface specified by 3GPP for device-to-device operation.
[2] See 3GPP TR 22.885 Study on LTE Support for Vehicle to Everything (V2X) Services.
