Brussels, 15 April 2019 – The European Parliament and the Council are currently debating a Delegated Regulation on Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS). The European Parliament Transport committee has this week called to halt the approval of this delegated act. We agree.

ETNO, GSMA, the GSA and 5GAA – bringing together the global and European leaders in ICT and automotive – would like to express their highest concern as to the content of this Delegated Regulation. We believe it will downsize safety gains, negatively impact the competitiveness of our automotive sector and the development of 5G technology in Europe. For this reason, we call the European Parliament and the Council to reject the Delegated Regulation in its current form and ensure a revised, tech-neutral and growth-friendly text is put to vote instead, as soon as possible.

Europe risks to be stuck in the slow lane

With technology moving fast, we believe it is of essence that all new rules are future-proof, innovation-oriented in order to maximize C-ITS safety benefits. Currently, the Delegated Regulation fails this test, as it mandates the old Wi-Fi standard 802.11p and it excludes other mature technologies, such as Cellular-Vehicle to Everything (C-V2X), based today on LTE and tomorrow on 5G.

In doing so, it also effectively harms the development of 5G technology in the EU, despite rising global market competition, and it directly contradicts the goals set out in the European Commission “5G Action Plan” and “Digital Single Market Strategy”. Moreover, a technology mandate is a critical political decision, which should remain a sole competence of co-legislators instead of imposing it by a non-legislative act.

Cellular technology is crucial to citizens’ safety

C-V2X is a game-changer for safety. It enables both long-range communications via mobile networks and direct short-range connectivity for time-critical information – without subscription or network coverage. C-V2X offers a unique capability to make vulnerable road users safer by being integrated into smartphones but also holds the potential to connect older cars. Very simply put: cellular technologies can protect pedestrians and cyclists carrying a phone, while Wi-Fi technology is not suitable for this use.

5G technology is tested and it boosts the Single Market

The ConVeX Consortium (gathering global technology leaders such as Audi, Ericsson and Qualcomm) have recently demonstrated that mobile-based technology is ready and it is tested across European borders. This is of essence to ensure a functioning and harmonised European Single Market, as some Member States have already declared they do not have the resources – or do not intend – to deploy Wi-Fi-based solutions. This would create fragmentation where 5G could create harmonisation across EU markets.

Backwards compatibility just does not work

Some voices in the debate claimed that a clause in the Delegated Act would allow for a later revision, hence ensuring backwards compatibility of C-V2X with the mandated Wi-Fi 802.11p technology. Engineers and experts explain that Wi-Fi-based and 5G-based solutions are entirely different technologies using radio waves incompatibly. “Backwards compatibility” would be like expecting a DVD to work in VHS player. This means that unless the Delegated Regulation is made technology-neutral to allow also 5G-based technologies, it will de facto be locked out: European citizens will be relegated to an inferior technology that only a very limited amount of car manufacturers are planning to deploy, while other world regions have already taken steps towards C-V2X deployment.

About Our Associations

ETNO, European Telecommunication Network Operators’ Association – www.etno.eu

GSA, Global mobile Suppliers Association – www.gsacom.com

GSMA, Representing the interests of mobile operators and the broader mobile ecosystem worldwide – www.gsma.com

5GAA, 5G Automotive Association – www.5gaa.org

DETROIT, 11 April 2019 – The 5G Automotive Association highlighted both the safety and commercial readiness of the ‘Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything’ (C-V2X) communication technology during two learning labs sessions and one round-table at SAE World Congress Experience. As a celebration of the recent MoU signature with the OmniAir testing consortium, WCX participants also had the opportunity to discover the testing equipment that enables C-V2X interoperability at the 5GAA networking lounge.

‘Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything’ (C-V2X) technology is synonymous with safety, and is ready to be commercially deployed. These were the main messages from the 5G Automotive Association (5GAA) at SAE World Congress, which took place 9-11 April 2019 in Detroit (US).

5GAA representatives from member companies Ford and Panasonic animated two sessions, highlighting the unique benefits of the technology for improving road safety, traffic efficiency. They explained C-V2X role as a key enabler for supporting automated driving whilst strongly emphasizing its technological maturity and commercial readiness.

C-V2X readiness was also reinforced at the 5GAA roundtable on ‘Cloud and Car Enabled Digital Services’, moderated by 5GAA Board member Jim Misener, Senior Director and Global C-V2X Ecosystem Lead at Qualcomm. “C-V2X is all about connecting vehicles with information that is essential for increasing safety and improving traffic flow. Basic safety and advanced driving services communicate between devices with other vehicles, pedestrians and roadside, while many other data exchange and services are supported by the cloud and edge infrastructure using the 4G/5G cellular data network. This is the right combination that will trigger viable investments” said 5GAA CTO Maxime Flament, who took part in the debate.

During the congress, numerous 5GAA representatives gathered at the association’s networking lounge to meet with the CTO to exchange views on the key takeaways generated during the panel sessions. The recent MoU signature with the OmniAir testing consortium, a leading industry association promoting interoperability and certification for connected vehicles, was also celebrated.

C-V2X interoperability Tests – Simultaneously Showcasing in the US and Testing in Europe

5GAA showcased the Rohde & Schwarz C-V2X Testing Equipment at its networking lounge during the SAE World Congress. While participants in Detroit could get a glimpse on how this equipment works; the first 5GAA Plugfest – a multi-vendor interoperability testing event – was taking place using the same equipment in Germany.

The interoperability event took place on the testing grounds of 5GAA Member DEKRA in Klettwitz (Germany) and involved several different C-V2X technology vendors including Cohda Wireless, Commsignia, Samsung Harman, Huawei, Neusoft, Qualcomm, Savari, and Vodafone Automotive. Keysight testing equipment was also used in the tests.

Overall, the test provided valuable insights into the maturity and market readiness of C-V2X technology, as interoperability between devices is the key to unlocking the benefits of Connected Vehicles. It also demonstrated the common high-degree of maturity and convergence amongst the technology vendors delivering C-V2X Communications. This test event, along with the IMT-2020 event in Shanghai in November 2018, is part of the final stages of 5GAA’s pre-deployment activities. This underscores the current maturity of cellular-based LTE-V2X, which will soon be available to drivers worldwide given the right regulatory environment and market conditions. 5GAA member Ford’s recent announcement about their plans for in-vehicle C-V2X deployment both in China and the US is just one testament to this fact.

With this week’s activities in the US and Germany, 5GAA continues promoting C-V2X as a future proof technology that allows faster, and more accurate and reliable communications.

 

About 5GAA

The 5G Automotive Association (5GAA) is a global, cross-industry organisation with 110 members working together to develop end-to-end solutions for future mobility and transportation services. The organisation is committed to helping define and develop the next generation of connected mobility for advanced driving and automated vehicle solutions.

For more information, visit 5GAA’s website, LinkedIn and Twitter pages.

 

Contact

Marketing and Communications Team
Email: marcom@5gaa.org

All presentations of the 5GAA session at MWC19 Barcelona are available down this page.

February 27th, Barcelona – During today’s well attended keynote, ‘Connecting the Mobility World with 5G’, the 5G Automotive Association (5GAA) gathered experts from the automotive, technology and telecom industries to explain how the deployment of ‘Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything’ (C-V2X) communication technology on the path to 5G is shaping the mobility of the future. Today LTE-V2X, the initial version of C-V2X, stands on the verge of its commercial launch: allowing vehicles to communicate with each other and their surroundings and, together with 5G enhancements, facilitating broad scale improvements in road safety.

“By bringing together key actors of the mobility ecosystem – across the automotive, information and communications technology industries – 5GAA continuously strives to develop forward-looking solutions for intelligent transportation services. Both for today and tomorrow.” stressed Thierry Klein, 5GAA Vice Chair and Head of the Disruptive Innovation Program at Nokia Bell Labs. “These end-to-end integrated solutions bring enhanced safety, sustainability, and convenience to all road users. 5GAA is very excited to be pioneering the revolution towards a smarter and more connected mobility world,” Thierry Klein added.

C-V2X communication is the state-of-the-art, high-speed cellular communications platform that enables vehicles to communicate with one another, with roadside infrastructure, with other road users (such as pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists) using either direct short-range communications or cellular networks. While C-V2X network-based solutions are already widely deployed, direct communication solutions will be commercially available as of this year. As such the C-V2X platform delivers safety, mobility, traffic efficiency, and environmental benefits. C-V2X is designed with an evolutionary path to 5G and supports safe and efficient operations of autonomous vehicles.

5GAA members spearheading C-V2X

A number of 5GAA members are announcing ground breaking use cases at this year’ MWC. 5GAA members Telefónica, Ericsson, Ficosa and Seat show 5G connected car use cases supported by C-V2X direct communication for safer driving in a city (e.g. detection of cyclists when turning right or of a pedestrian at a zebra crossing). Another key technology bringing these use cases to life is edge computing.

In addition, 5GAA members Continental and Vodafone are working together to increase road safety and protect all road users for instance via “digital safety-shield” for cyclists and pedestrians, using C-V2X direct communication and edge computing in the first 5G deployments. The 5G-ready tests are taking place under real-life conditions at Vodafone’s 5G Mobility Lab in Aldenhoven, Germany.

Rohde & Schwarz has announced a collaboration with automotive electronics specialist Vector on a C-V2X end-to-end application layer test solution to verify safety-critical V2X scenarios. The companies’ integrated test platform is showcased for the first time at Mobile World Congress.

Deutsche Telekom has announced first C-V2X tests together with Skoda Auto in Czech as part of the European C-Roads project.

Geely also announced its plans to launch the first mass-produced C-V2X enabled vehicles in China together with Qualcomm in 2021.

Qualcomm has also announced its first 5G automotive platform, enabling both C-V2X short and long-range modes, which is expected to sample later this year and are planned for production vehicles in 2021.

C-V2X direct communication goes commercial in 2019

Mass production of C-V2X chips including direct communication from several suppliers is ongoing, and multiple radio vendors have already integrated these chips into their automotive radio offerings. 2019 is the year when C-V2X direct communication technology will be commercially available across the globe. Furthermore, full interoperability testing on C-V2X applications is ongoing among 5GAA members. The first mass-deployment in vehicles on the roads is anticipated to start in China in 2020; to be followed swiftly in other regions when local regulations allow for it.

“C-V2X is now ready to roll. At Ford, we will begin to deploy this technology in all new models launching in the US starting in 2022” confirmed Don Butler, Executive Director of Connected Vehicle & Services at Ford Motor Co.

The next milestone: 5G New Radio

C-V2X provides a clear evolution path to the family of 5G technologies for both direct and network communication. Part of this evolution is the 5G New Radio (NR).

NR-V2X will eventually ensure safe operation of autonomous driving vehicles by using 5G New Radio with Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC) network based communication combined with improved direct short range communications.

“The development of the NR-V2X standard is due for completion by the end of 2019; eventually hitting the road in 2023. This will enable a new generation of use cases for connected automated vehicles”, said Maxime Flament, CTO at 5GAA.

About 5GAA

The 5G Automotive Association (5GAA) is a global, cross-industry organisation with 110 members working together to develop end-to-end solutions for future mobility and transportation services. The organisation is committed to helping define and develop the next generation of connected mobility for advanced driving and automated vehicle solutions.

Presentations

• Opening speech by Thierry Klein, 5GAA Vice Chair & Nokia Bell Labs / Connecting the Mobility World with 5G-V2X
• Keynote by Friedhelm Ramme, Ericsson / 5G: From Concepts to Reality
• Keynote by Thorsten Hehn, Audi / 5G for Automotive: Key Applications
• Keynote by Jiang Wangsheng, Huawei / C-V2X Enables Intelligent Transportation 
• Keynote by Nakul Duggal, Qualcomm / C-V2X Ignites Automotive Connected Revolution
• Speech by  Vishnu Sudaram, Harman (Samsung) / Go-To-Market Timeline

 

During the last decade, a set of connected transportation services has been identified utilizing mobile network communication. One question that needs an answer is whether these transportation services can be handled by the current cellular networks or particular enhancements are needed in order to provide a commercially viable solution.

The present white paper analyses the architectural options for C-V2X communication and summarizes the considerations for the ability of the current networks to handle vehicular services by evaluating them against two particular use cases of interest: the Intersection Movement Assist (IMA) and the Vulnerable User (VRU) Discovery. The evaluation of the identified architectures further facilitates the extraction of useful conclusions for the cases where such architectural solutions may be applied. The analysis moves towards two directions, namely solutions that relate to PC5 interface and solutions that relate to Uu interface; the latter ones include the cloud enhancements. Additionally considerations on multi operator aspects of C-V2X communications are being presented and analyzed.

This document summarizes the effort performed in 5GAA on Network Architecture focusing on the evaluation and the proposal of enhancements related to Cellular V2X Architecture.

Click here to read the white paper.

On 12 and 13 February 2019, the 5G Vertical User Workshop, an initiative of 3GPP Market Representative Partners 5GAA, 5G-IA, 5G-ACIA and PSCE, was organised as a collaborative event for strategic dialogue between industries and 3GPP by exchanging on future needs and upcoming cellular standard developments. The workshop as a result, aimed to produce a report shared directly to 3GPP Project Coordination Group (PCG) as a mean to stimulate and facilitate greater involvement of the 5G Vertical Users in the 3GPP process.

The workshop held in Brussels brought together a host of experts from 5G standardization and a number vertical industries hoping to harness 5G including Automotive, Public Safety, Industry Automation, Utilities, Broadcasting, Satellites and Railways; as well as policy makers at the EU and Member State level.

Overall the event was successful in stimulating open dialogue and actions across all participants in an informal workshop setting that supported all involved to share their perspectives and experiences from their industry and standardization, and therefore how related processes may well be improved moving forward. Several possible options were discussed in terms of how to deliver improvements, and what corresponding changes to interaction could look like if required. Could this involve further workshops outside of 3GPP which could then drive action within the established channels? Or should there be alteration to vertical and MRP orientated rules of procedure to foster greater contributions?

Moreover, several open tools were discussed for better tracking activity and on-going work to make 3GPP more accessible to those joining, and those already, involved that may experience difficulties in contributing during this important period in the standardization of 5G. The need for such improvements are especially pronounced due to the forthcoming TSG#84 in December 2019, during which the completion of both Rel. 16 upon which 5G will be so dependent, and finalization of the scope for Rel. 17 are both scheduled.

There was a clear consensus among organizational partners and participants that an informal workshop and forum of this type was of use to help stimulate productive discussion on how to proceed with inter-MRP interaction in future.

In light of this, it was proposed that a second event with more focus on practical steps to be taken by 5G vertical industries and SDOs to improve vertical input would be of value, however the setting of this event is yet to be determined; interested Market Representational Partners will be coordinating to decide on the most effective next steps to convert what was valuable dialogue into impactful actions.

Until then, all involved expressed their great thanks to all who contributed to a workshop filled with rich dialogue, and hope based on continuing collaboration that this progress can be built upon over the coming months.

You can find all presentations here:

1. 5GAA – 5G Automative Association, pioneering digital transformation in the automotive industry
2. PSCE – Public Safety Communication Europe, National plans and roadmaps towards broadband
3. 5GIA – 5G Alliance for Connected Industries and Automation
4. ESOA – EMEA Satellite Operators Association, 3GPP Market Representation Partners
5. EBU – European Broadcasting Union, Native 5G broadcasting
6. EUTC – European Utilities Telecom Council
7. 5GIA, 5G PPP Projects focusing on standardisation Verticals and Standards Tracker Tool + Pan-European 5G Trials Roadmap, and International Trials
8. 5G-PPP, Prestandards WG Status update
9. 3GPP, Verticals in 3GPP + Mission Critical Comms + Industrial Automation + V2X learnings in 3GPP

The 5G Automotive Association (5GAA) is delighted to announce its participation in CES 2019 on 8-11 January in Las Vegas as an official partner. The association will have a dedicated stand in the Allied Association Lounge.

CTO Maxime Flament along with 5GAA staff members will be present at the Lounge to meet with key mobility stakeholders and showcase 5GAA’s latest activities and progress. 5GAA will be also be represented through Member Qualcomm, Jason Ellis, during a session discussing “Wireless: DSRC/5G, Bluetooth, Wifi”. The session takes place on Tuesday 8 January from 1:00 – 2:00 PM. More information here.

CES is the world’s gathering place for all who thrive on the business of consumer technologies. Each year the show attracts more than 180,000 individuals from over 150 countries, representing the entire technology ecosystem. More than 6,500 members of the world’s media and over 65,000 senior-level executives attend.

In addition to the list of impressive high-level plenary attendees, the event gathering more than 250 sessions covers a wide range of topics including key trends and emerging technologies.

Follow us on Twitter and Linkedin to stay up-to-date with our last news about the event.

Munich, 9 November 2018: As regulators worldwide are looking into future rules for connected cars technologies, the 5G Automotive Association has conducted tests to compare the performance of 802.11p/DSRC (known in Europe as ITS-G5) and Cellular V2X PC5 radio technologies in delivering V2V (Vehicle-To-Vehicle) safety messages.

The test results show that Cellular Vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) direct communications technology, consistently – and in many cases overwhelmingly – outperforms 802.11p/DSRC. With a natural evolution path towards the low latency and high bandwidth benefits of 5G NR, C-V2X also demonstrated superior performance in several dimensions, including the following:

• Enhanced reliability over extended communications range;
• Better non-line-of-sight performance; and
• Greater resiliency to interference (e.g. arising from other devices)

These performance advantages are particularly important in the most difficult environments such as non-line-of-sight scenarios (e.g., around a corner, highway queue forming etc.), where resident onboard sensors and radars have certain limitations.

Reliable and timely radio performance is a crucial requirement that all those with a stake in transport safety depend on to deliver critical safety applications. Such test procedures are a prerequisite to comparing the available radio technologies, and the results are very clear: C-V2X direct communications (PC5) performs better. C-V2X is commercially available and reuses the decades’ long investment into protocols and upper layer applications to improve safety, deliver traffic efficiency, and support automated driving.

The design and execution of each experiment were set up to ensure that environmental conditions, radio frequency parameters, system integration details, and physical structures were consistent when comparing 802.11p/DSRC and C-V2X direct communications.

As yet another strong signal about the global momentum behind C-V2X, 5GAA today counts 102 members (40% from Europe, 35% Asia-Pacific and 25% Americas), an increase of 60% since January 2018, quite a movement for a 2-year-old organization.

5GAA brings together the automotive and ICT industry leaders from all world regions among which carmakers, Tier-1 suppliers, mobile network operators, chipset manufacturers, test equipment vendors, telecom suppliers, and traffic signal suppliers in order to continue C-V2X field tests and to accelerate in-vehicle and infrastructure commercial deployments, foreseen beginning in 2019 globally.

Maxime Flament, CTO of the 5G Automotive Association (5GAA) said “these test results demonstrate that C-V2X direct communications, is today’s most cutting-edge technology for connected and automated driving, and the best to finally deliver upon safety and traffic efficiency. Hence why C-V2X ecosystem is growing so rapidly – the 5G Automotive Association has now more than 100 members who all believe in C-V2X as the future of mobility.”

Read the full report here

See the full webinar here

Notes to Editors:

The V2V radio performance tests were conducted by 5GAA members over a period spanning six months from March through September 2018.

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication is an essential enabler of cooperative, connected and automated mobility that can be supported today by two concurrent technologies: 802.11p (Wi-Fi based) and Cellular V2X (C-V2X).

C-V2X is the family of cellular technologies designed for automotive applications, standardized by 3GPP, the global telecommunications standard development organization.

C-V2X combines on a single technology platform a direct short-range mode operating over ITS spectrum (not requiring any network coverage or subscription) and a long-range mode using traditional cellular networks operating over the mobile network operator licensed spectrum.
The above-mentioned tests were conducted using only the C-V2X direct short-range communication mode without any network involvement.

C-V2X current realization is based on LTE-V2X (3GPP Release 14, completed in March 2017), and will evolve into 5G-V2X (also called 5G New Radio or “5G NR”) to deliver additional capabilities and support new services (as Release 16, to be completed by 3GPP by end 2019).

About 5GAA
The 5G Automotive Association (5GAA) is a global cross-industry organization of companies from the automotive, technology and telecommunications industries (ICT), working together to develop end-to-end solutions for future mobility and transportation services. Created in 2016, the Association is comprised of over 100 members whose mission is to develop, test and promote communications solutions, initiate their standardization and accelerate their commercial availability and global market penetration, to address society’s connected mobility and road safety needs with applications such as automated driving, ubiquitous access to services and integration into smart city and intelligent transportation.

Media Contact:
Marketing and Communications Team
Email: marcom@5gaa.org

The 5G Automotive Association (5GAA) announces the publication of a tests and results report comparing DSRC and Cellular V2X (C-V2X) radio technologies for their suitability to deliver broadcast V2V (Vehicle-To-Everything) safety messages.

The main conclusion of the report confirms that C-V2X significantly outperformed DSRC in various key areas.

Reliable and timely radio performance is a crucial requirement that the transportation safety stakeholder community, including vehicle manufacturers, road infrastructure owner-operators, standardization bodies and regulators depend on to deliver critical safety applications.

 The V2V radio performance tests were conducted over a period spanning six months from March through September 2018. The test results reported here are intended to provide this community with an informed basis for making important decisions on the choice of the air interface to deliver standardized messages (e.g., Basic Safety Message or BSM). Therefore, great care was taken in the design, setup and execution of each experiment to ensure that environmental conditions (weather, time of day, temperature), RF parameters (antennas, power, cables), system integration details, and physical setup (track, obstructions, antenna placement) were consistent when comparing DSRC and C-V2X.

Read the full report here 

Read Key Findings Presentation here

On 17 October at 5PM (CET) 5GAA sponsored an exclusive webinar on Talking Cars: Field Test Results Comparing DSRC & C-V2X Technology.

Register here to access the webinar recording

According to World Health Organization figures, more than 1.2 million casualties occur globally as a result of traffic incidents. As vehicles add more sensors to improve safety and advance the readiness of automated driving, vehicle-to-everything communications (V2X) are expected to significantly enhance road safety. As a result, global governments and industry (automotive and telecom) are carefully evaluating two different V2X technologies: IEEE 802.11p-based radio DSRC/ITS-G5 and 3GPP-based C-V2X. 802.11p is an older radio technology, based on specifications dating to 1999, and has been researched over the past decade, whereas C-V2X is a newer radio technology benefiting from many advances in communications.

This 5GAA-sponsored webinar will review how each of the technologies performed in an apples-to-apples comparison, executed by Ford and Qualcomm Technologies, Inc in US lab and field testing.

This webinar agenda included:

1. The reliability, communication range and latency of each V2X technology under the same test conditions
2. Performance comparison in congested environments
3. Resiliency of each technology to adverse deployment conditions, including interference

Speakers:

Steve Bell, Senior Analyst, Heavy Reading
Maxime Flament, CTO, 5GAA
Gautam Savarkar, Senior Director, Engineering, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc
Ivan Vukovic, Technical Specialist, Ford Motor Company

Register here to access the webinar recording

The 5G Automotive Association (5GAA) was invited as a special guest at the 2018 World Internet of Things (IoT) Expo, scheduled from Sept 15-18 2018. The Expo themed on “Digitalized New Economy, IoT-driven New Times”, included a large ministerial summit, 10 high-level fora, a large exhibition, and series of 16 sponsored events.

Wuxi is one of the major Chinese city who have started V2X deployment in China. In total, more than 220 intersections and hundreds of road-side sensors are already connected to a city-wide cloud. All intersections send their signal phase and timing via the China Mobile LTE network as well as via short-range LTE-V2X PC5 connectivity. The WIoT2018 gathered ten vehicle manufacturers among them Audi, SAIC, FORD, Peugeot-Citroen, Volvo Cars, Volkswagen, Donfeng, GM, Toyota, etc. Many vehicle application were using primarily the mobile network while others were combining both cellular and short-range PC5 communication. Road-side and in-vehicle connectivity was mainly provided by chipset and radio technology vendor HUAWEI but others like Qualcomm and Datang were actively contributing to the demonstration.

5GAA CTO, Dr. Maxime Flament, gave a keynote at the high-level Intelligent Transportation & Internet of Vehicles Forum. He insisted on the importance of the C-V2X deployment in Wuxi city as a model deployment for many government even outside China. It is important that the evaluation done in Wuxi can reach out to all government in the world in order to encourage a harmonized deployment of V2X around the world. The audience showed a great interest for C-V2X technology combining both vehicle short-range and cloud connectivity.

The vehicle manufacturers and their business partners are now preparing to the next big Chinese event sponsored by SAE China and IMT-2020: A large scale interoperability testing event on 6-8 Nov 2018 in Shanghai. Interoperability test will be performed at chipset, radio and vehicle application levels.