ADAS and Autonomous Vehicle Technology Expo: 5G Automotive Connectivity – What to Expect and When
5GAA Chief Technology Officer Maxime Flament is in Stuttgart today to present on ‘5G Automotive Connectivity: What to expect and when’ at this year’s ADAS and Autonomous Vehicle Technology Expo.
Taking place from 09:25-9:50, Maxime gave attendees an overview of the 5GAA roadmap ramping up toward increasingly advanced use cases in the 2030 timeframe, while also touching on the importance of the full integration of V2X technology into ADAS and automated driving systems (ADS).
Find the 5GAA 2030 Roadmap here.
Among other things, Maxime explained to attendees how:
- Many safety and traffic V2X use cases are emerging, from simple hazard warnings to teleoperation gradually increasing levels of complexity and automation
- The 5GAA roadmap envisions a rapid integration of V2X into ADAS and ADS
- Automotive connectivity exploits different radio access: vehicle-to-network, vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-roadside and vehicle-to-satellite
- Recent progress has been demonstrated in accurate positioning, low-latency services using MEC, 5G-compliant satcom, pedestrian and cyclist protection, etc
- Auto manufacturers are focussing on 5G 3GPP standards
Maxime also had the chance to meet with 5GAA members exhibiting their innovative 5G-V2X solutions at the event.
The ADAS and Autonomous Vehicle Technology Expo is one of the world’s biggest conferences focused on ADAS and assisted driving and is not to be missed for anyone with an interest in connectivity and connected mobility.
V2N2X security, privacy, and data quality
Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything, or C-V2X, is an umbrella term that encompasses all 3GPP V2X technologies, including both direct (PC5) and mobile network communications (Uu). In many cases, both direct and network modes of C-V2X can be used for the same or similar automotive and Intelligent Transport System (ITS) applications, yet with different service characteristics. However, there are fundamental differences when it comes to the architecture and realisation of different Use Cases applying mobile network vs. direct, short-range, communications. This leads to different ways of handling security, privacy, and how to ensure data quality – the fundamental requirements of every ITS service – when using C-V2X mobile network communication or direct communication. This is already reflected in other organisations such as ITS America.
This 5GAA paper provides an overview of how security, privacy, and data quality are addressed for C-V2X using mobile network and backend communications, also known as Vehicle-to-Network-to-Everything (V2N2X) solutions.
The paper was originally published in December 2024. The current downloadable version is the updated edition, released on 3 June 2025. 5GAA remains committed to keeping all its publications accurate and up to date.
Connected mobility
5G-V2X onward
5G technologies are the next generation of wireless networks. It is key to transmitting more extensive amounts of data more reliably, with lower latency and at faster speeds than ever before.
C-V2X is the next generation telematics that can support new automotive deployments and build a new transportation ecosystem for the future.
The C-V2X technology is already available but to support the autonomous vehicles of tomorrow, the technology must evolve to meet more demanding safety requirements. 5G will facilitate this evolution. Its extreme throughput, low latency, and enhanced reliability will allow vehicles to share rich, real-time data, supporting fully autonomous driving experiences.
The 5G Automotive Association (5GAA) is shaping the path to 5G by supporting C-V2X, as well as working to deliver innovations in on-device intelligence and integration in connected vehicles. The 5GAA is confident that a technically superior standards-based cost-effective and scalable access technology from the cellular industry will carry C-ITS and Connected Vehicle applications well into the 5G era and beyond.
Supporting Innovation: C-V2X Use Cases
Under its current Work Programme, 5GAA seeks to leverage today and tomorrow’s innovative C-V2X solutions
for a safer, greener and more efficient transportation system, benefiting all road users.
Define the next step: accelerate definition of C-V2X based on 5G-V2X or future LTE enhancements
5GAA intends to develop application-level groundwork
for the next-generation services (based on 3GPP Rel-16)
with advanced use cases involving complex message
interactions for assisted, autonomous (Level 1 – Level 5)
and automated driving (supported by infrastructure).
MEC technology to support automotive services in multi-OEM, multi-MNO, multi-vendor environments (MEC4AUTO)
Edge computing offers cloud computing capabilities at the edge of the network. 5GAA considers Edge computing as one of the key supporting technologies for many V2X services for connected and automated driving.
However, despite the many remaining challenges, 5GAA’s ongoing Work Item aims to demonstrate the use of MEC technology for automotive services e.g. in multi-MNO, multi-OEM, multi-MEC system environments.
Predictive quality of service (QoS): using 5G network data analytics to enable proactive C-V2X adaptation
The study on E2E Network Slicing and Predictive QoS described an evolved QoS framework for C-V2X in 5G, called predictive QoS, which can be enable by network slicing, multi-access edge computing, and machine learning.
The enhanced C-V2X study describes how LTE-V2X and 5G-V2X will eventually complement each other for the support of different use cases.
Vulnerable road user using cellular communications (VRU)
Despite technological progress and advanced safety features, VRUs still represent a large portion of road fatalities and severe injuries.
5GAA has been working on a VRU protection roadmap including use case definition, technical enablers and advanced protocols evaluation as well as a go-to-market and standardisation strategy.
Safety treatment in connected automated driving functions (STiCAD)
More and more driver assistance functionalities, especially for automated driving, are using connectivity. When related to safety, failure of these functionalities might lead to severe danger for passengers.
GAA has been working on identifying the needs and possibilities to define appropriate requirements for connected functions to ensure a high level of functional safety.
Requirements and architecture for tele-operated driving (ToD)
Tele-operation of vehicles after an incident or in difficult situations (including parking) is widely considered as a high-potential V2X service. Prior to its widescale commercial implementation, functional and architectural requirements still need to be clarified from a technical and regulatory perspective, particularly in multi-OEM, multi-MNO, and multi-Road Traffic Authority (RTA) environments.
5GAA is studying the requirements and framework needed for automated vehicle operation (tele-operation) covering the possible interfaces and stakeholders.
Our Roadmap for Advanced Driving Use Cases and Connectivity Technologies
EcoMotion Assembly 2024: The Role of Vehicular Connectivity in ADAS and ADS
5GAA Chief Technology Officer Maxime Flament will be in Rosh Haayin, Israel, on 4 June to lead a workshop on vehicular connectivity in advanced driving and automated driving systems at this year’s EcoMotion Assembly.
Taking place from 11:30 – 12:30, the workshop, ‘The Role of Vehicular Connectivity in Advanced Driving Systems and Automated Driving Systems’, will see 5GAA members and community partners alike take part in an interactive discussion of how seamless vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication fosters safer, smarter and more efficient transportation.
Participants will have the opportunity to learn about the integration of real-time data exchange between vehicles and other road users, which is instrumental in predicting and mitigating potential hazards and thereby significantly reducing the likelihood of accidents.
Speakers will highlight a number of cutting-edge technologies with an emphasis on their role in enhancing situational awareness and the decision-making capabilities of automated vehicles. This will include:
- 5G-V2X direct edge computing
- Software-defined vehicles
- Artificial intelligence
Don’t miss out on your chance to join the discussion with industry leaders!
For more details and contact info to sign up for the discussion, visit https://www.ecomotionweek.com/workshop-discussions.
All participants must be registered for the main event – use the 5GAA discount code EMA245gaa : https://ecomotion-assembly.forms-wizard.biz/.
Intersection Safety via Infrastructure Sensor-Sharing
Intersections are a hotspot for traffic fatalities and injuries globally, with nearly a quarter of U.S. traffic fatalities and half of all injuries occurring in these high-risk areas. To address this, the 5GAA has developed a technical report on the ‘InterSafe Service,’ an approach leveraging infrastructure sensor-sharing to increase intersection safety for all road users, especially Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) like pedestrians and cyclists.
This report explores key use cases, system requirements, and deployment options for integrating Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication technologies with infrastructure sensors. It outlines a framework for developing interoperable, standardised solutions that can operate efficiently within existing Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) spectrums. Crucially, the service is designed to deliver safety benefits even during the early stages of V2X adoption, when only a fraction of vehicles are equipped with these technologies.
The document also provides recommendations for global standards organisations, such as SAE International and ETSI, to expedite the development of system-level profiles. By fostering collaboration across stakeholders, the InterSafe Service has the potential to significantly reduce intersection-related incidents and accelerate the adoption of life-saving technologies worldwide.
Connected Mobility
C-V2X explained
Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything, or C-V2X, is a connected mobility platform that allows vehicles to interact with their surroundings, such as other vehicles, cyclists, pedestrians, road infrastructure, or mobile networks.
To enable connectivity within the broader transport ecosystem, C-V2X uses two complementary transmission modes.
First, direct communications (PC5) works independently of cellular networks and allows vehicles to communicate with other road users (cyclists, pedestrians or other vehicles). Second, network communications (Uu) leverages conventional mobile networks to enable vehicles to receive real-time information about road conditions and local traffic.
By connecting individual vehicles and enabling the development of cooperative intelligent transport systems that reduce congestion and pollution, C-V2X can transform how we look at traffic information to enhance travel and increase road safety.
Leading the new era
of mobility
C-V2X continually evolves over multiple releases in 3GPP. Cellular-V2X (C-V2X) is the umbrella term which encapsulates all 3GPP V2X technologies, including both direct (PC5) and mobile network communications (Uu).
A major milestone was achieved in 2017 by completing LTE-V2X in Release 14, including both direct and mobile network communications delivering basic safety use cases. In 2020, 5G-V2X was completed in Release 16, also combining direct and mobile network communications to enable advanced and automated driving use cases.
Who is 3GPP?
3GPP is a worldwide Standardisation Development Organisation (SDO) developing standards for the different generations of mobile networks: GSM (2G), UMTS (3G), LTE (4G) and 5G, targeting a wide range of consumer and industry applications. When applied in a vehicle connectivity context the acronym V2X (vehicle-to-everything) is added.
C-V2X in detail
C-V2X provides one unified solution for V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), and V2P (vehicle-to pedestrian) operation with V2N (vehicle-to-network) by leveraging existing cellular network infrastructure.
- Device-to-device [1] is Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-(Roadway) Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) direct communication without necessarily relying on network involvement for scheduling.
- Device-to-cell tower is another communications link that enables network resources and scheduling and utilises existing operator infrastructure. Device-to-cell tower communications constitute at least part of the V2I proposition and are essential to end-to-end solutions.
- Device-to-network is the V2N solution using traditional cellular links to enable cloud services to be part and parcel of the end-to-end solution.
In the device-to-device mode (V2V, V2I, V2P) operation, C-V2X does not necessarily require any network infrastructure. It can operate without a SIM, without network assistance and uses GNSS as its primary time synchronisation source.
C-V2X also supports V2N applications using existing cellular networks where other voices and data communications occur. V2N would deliver network assistance and commercial services requiring the involvement of a Mobile Network Operator (MNO).
Collectively, the transmission modes of shorter-range direct communications (V2V, V2I, V2P) and longer-range network-based communications (V2N) comprise what we call Cellular-V2X[2].
[1] Relies on the PC5 interface specified by 3GPP for device-to-device operation.
[2] See 3GPP TR 22.885 Study on LTE Support for Vehicle to Everything (V2X) Services.
About us
Connected Mobility for People, Vehicles and Transport Infrastructure
The 5G Automotive Association (5GAA) is a global, cross-industry organisation of companies from the automotive, technology, and telecommunications industries (ICT), working together to develop end-to-end solutions for future mobility and transportation services. Created in September 2016, 5GAA has rapidly expanded to include key players with a global footprint in the automotive, technology and telecommunications industries. This includes automotive manufacturers, tier-1 suppliers, chipset/communication system providers, mobile operators and infrastructure vendors.
5GAA was created to connect the telecom industry and vehicle manufacturers to develop end-to-end solutions for future mobility and transportation services.
Mission
5GAA bridges the automotive and telecommunication industries in order to address society’s connected mobility needs, bringing inclusive access to smarter, safer and environmentally sustainable services and solutions, integrated into intelligent road transportation and traffic management.
A visionary roadmap
What we do
5GAA is addressing today’s mobility key challenges. With C-V2X technology, 5GAA will revolutionise the mobility ecosystem and the way drivers interact with the world. 5GAA’s ambition is to improve the overall transportation industry to make it safer, greener and more efficient for vehicles, road users and the surrounding infrastructure.
Smarter
Sustainable
Safer
5GAA has defined 4 strategic pillars designing the short and long term goals in very diverse domains contributing to the same ambition: Connected Mobility.
Berlin real-world use cases demonstrate game-changing C-V2X technology
On 25 October 2024 , the 5G Automotive Association (5GAA) demonstrated the latest innovations in the Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) technology family to help achieve “Vision Zero” for all road users. The demonstrations illustrated the potential of 5G-V2X to enable new use cases integrated across multiple automakers, service providers, and mobile network operators.
For the very first time, 5GAA demonstrated 5G-V2X Direct technology integration in Audi and BMW vehicles with the support of 5GAA members Autotalks, Bosch, Commsignia, and Fraunhofer FOKUS. This demonstration illustrated how technology can alert drivers about pedestrians and cyclists even before they can see them, leveraging sensors and a camera feed from other vehicles. The demonstrations showed the high bandwidth and low latency performance characteristics of 5G-V2X Direct using ETSI Release 2 messages.
5GAA members Bosch, Commsignia, Deutsche Telekom, Ericsson, Keysight Technologies, LG Electronics, Mercedes-Benz and Vodafone, and the Coalition for Cyclist Safety, showcased ready-to-deploy, interoperable applications to increase awareness of vulnerable road users and emergency vehicles on public roads in central Berlin. Safety awareness alerts were delivered via 4G and 5G networks with low latency thanks to Multi-Access-Edge Computing and precise positioning, as verified by Anritsu’s performance measurements. ETSI-standardised messages were shared in real time between apps from various service providers.
“In Germany and across Europe, the ecosystem is ready to leverage the tens of millions of vehicles already connected via mobile networks and is now geared for the 2nd generation technology with 5G-V2X including direct communications,” said 5GAA Chairman Christoph Voigt.
Autotalks and Bosch, together with Commsignia, demonstrated the benefits of collective perception related to vulnerable road users. Ettifos, Keysight Technologies, Rohde & Schwarz and SEA Datentechnik also exhibited 5G-V2X Direct interoperability and conformity solutions and radio performance verification.
To show that C-V2X is about both safety and efficiency, Audi, supported by Commsignia and Autotalks, demonstrated a use case for “cooperative parking” based on 5G-V2X Direct.
In line with 5GAA’s Visionary 2030 Roadmap, 5G is continuously being deployed in many car models and 5G-V2X Direct is expected to be mass-deployed in commercial vehicle models as early as 2026. This week’s event underlined the continuous commitment of major European automakers to 5G-V2X following 5GAA’s Open Statement[1] in 2023.
For more information, watch the video below.
5GAA Workshop ‘Enabling New Services with Next Generation ITS in Japan’
5GAA is hosting its upcoming workshop, ‘Enabling New Services with Next Generation ITS in Japan,’ in the context of its 29th Meeting Week. The event will take place on February 1st at the Hilton Tokyo, between 9AM and 1PM JPT.
In response to the recent release of Japan’s Frequency Reorganisation Plan by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, assigning the 5.9 GHz spectrum to V2X for next-generation ITS, this workshop aims to explore the potential implications and opportunities. 5GAA welcomes the decision, which aligns with global spectrum allocation.
The workshop will delve beyond technicalities, offering insights into recent government activities, ongoing development efforts, and expectations for new ITS in Japan. It will also serve as a convergence point for local stakeholders and global industry players, encouraging collaboration and setting the stage for a fruitful discussion Japan’s future in this domain.
Find the full programme here. More information available on our News section.
Connected mobility
C-V2X in action
Immerse yourself in the possibilities
The C-V2X technology revolutionises the mobility ecosystem and how drivers interact with the world. It is essential to redefine transportation by providing real-time, highly reliable, and actionable information flows to enable safety, mobility and environmental applications.
5GAA established C-V2X as the critical technology to achieve the level of connectivity required for V2X communication and to be a disruptive force in the automotive market.
C-V2X Testing and Deployment
Following extensive validation testing, off-the-shelf LTE-V2X chipsets, modules, On-Board Units (OBU) and RSU (Roadside Units) have been globally available from multiple vendors since 2018.
These devices feature LTE-V2X direct communications (PC5) and LTE-V2X mobile network communications (Uu). The latest generation of devices features 5G-V2X mobile network communications (Uu) based on 3GPP Release 15.
5GAA regularly compiles an overview of the C-V2X Devices, which we understand are already publicly available on the market (the latest issue in November 2021). This overview is based on publicly available information and does not necessarily include factory-fit telematics/V2X boxes directly under contract with automakers.
The start of in-vehicle commercial deployment (i.e. type-approved vehicles) has begun in 2020-2021. A significant testing schedule is already underway for 5G-V2X, the next generation for cellular technology-based communications solutions, with more than 20 trials and early deployments globally.
Europe
Since 2010, the Directive on Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) regulates the framework for the deployment of these systems in the field of road transport and for interfaces with other modes of transport. In December 2021, the European Commission published a proposal to amend the ITS Directive. The proposal was reviewed by the European co-legislators at the end of 2022 and adopted in October 2023. The revised Directive aims to take account of technological developments including connected and automated mobility, on-demand mobility applications and multimodal transport.
European administrations have designated the bands 5855-5875 MHz and 5875-5925 MHz – for use by road ITS as specified. As is common practice in Europe, the spectrum is designated on a technology neutral basis.
2021-2027: The Connected Europe Facility (CEF) proposes 5G infrastructure along connected and automated mobility corridors. This will see a fast ramp-up of 5G network deployment along main transport paths and the private sector, with support from the CEF.
United States
In November 2020 the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) published its 5.9 GHz ruling which points to C-V2X as technology of choice, among the following lines:
• Allows C-V2X in upper 30 MHz after an expedited waiver process
• DSRC will move to lower 10 MHz until the end of the phasing-out period (one year from the effective date of the Report & Order)
• FCC puts a spotlight on OEMs to bring V2X to the finish line
In December 2021, industry and state DOTs submitted a join request for a waiver to deploy C-V2X in upper MHz of the 5.9 GHz band; in April 2023, the FCC decided to permit initial deployments.
In August 2024, the U.S. Department of Transportation released it V2X National Deployment Plan, outlining a roadmap to accelerate the adoption of V2X technology for enhanced road safety. Developed in consultation with 5GAA and other stakeholders, the plan focuses on ensuring interoperability, encouraging investment, and prioritising privacy, and sets short-, medium-, and long-term goals to achieve widespread deployment.
In November 2024, the FCC announced final spectrum rules allowing in-vehicle and roadside units to operate Cellular-Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) technology in the 5.9 GHz spectrum dedicated to ITS, and providing a two-year timeline for sunsetting the use of existing Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) based technology.
China
China was the first country to have a national strategy for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). To demonstrate the potential benefits of connected and intelligent highways and urban roads, more than 90 cities have already partnered with local wireless network operators to deploy RSUs and China has opened up over 5.000km of roads for intelligent V2X pilot demonstration.
In 2019, 13 OEMs announced mass production of C-V2X cars as of 2020. As of 2022, there are at least 12 C-V2X equipped vehicle models already launched in China.
The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology also established dedicates C-V2X spectrum in the 5905-5925 MHz band.
In 2024, the Chinese government launched a pilot project of “Vehicle-Road-Cloud Integration” Application for Intelligent Connected Vehicles. In Jully 2024, the final list of list of 20 cities was determined. The project will be implemented until 2026.
South Korea
The South Korean Government released an updated C-ITS plan in August 2021, including a plan to deploy dual mode RSUs on a trial target area of 2,400km express highway for pre-commercial service in 2023.
In South Korea, 70 MHz is allocated as ITS spectrum in the 5.9 GHz band. In March 2022, the Ministry of Science & ICT (MSIT) released the following spectrum policy for the 5.9 GHz ITS band.
- 5855-5875 (20 MHz) – LTE-V2X
- 5875-5895 (20 MHz) – Guard and Experiment band
- 5895-5925 (30 MHz) – DSRC
In December 2023, South Korea selected Cellular-Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) direct communications as its technology of choice, complimenting C-V2X mobile network communications to offer a synergetic platform for connected mobility.
Following this decision, in June 2024, the Korean Ministry of Science & ICT (MSIT) released the final technical regulation standard
- 5855-5875 (20 MHz)- LTE-V2X
- 5875-5925 (50 MHz)- Reserved for future study
- DSRC should be turned off by June 2027.
Japan
In its 2020 revisions of the Frequency Action Plan, Japan’s Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) developed a tangible plan toward the opening of 5.9 GHz for ITS by 2023. In 2023, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications released its Frequency Reorganisation Plan, which assigns the 5.9 GHz spectrum to V2X for next-generation ITS.
This followed various studies conducted in Japan (such as the Cross-Ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Programme’s (SIP) study on use cases for Cooperative Driving Automation), which identified new spectrum as a requirement for automated driving.
In 2024, the Japanese government initiated a new trial for the 5.9 GHz band, focusing on an automated truck demonstration experiment on the Shin-Tomei Expressway. Building on the results of this trial, the government plans to begin standardization of 5.9 GHz V2X communication in 2026, with the goal of achieving practical implementation by 2030.
India
Over recent years, India has witnessed increasing activities related to V2X. These include updated traffic management system standards introduced by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) and the recommendation by the Indian government to include V2X in the Bharat NCAP. Moreover, in December 2023, the Telecommunications Standards Development Society of India (TSDSI) organized a workshop titled “Autonomous Road Transportation for Indian Scenarios.” Where they explored the global perspective on Connected Vehicles and Autonomous V2X use cases, India’s vision for Connected Autonomous V2X, and the challenges, opportunities, and readiness of the country in adopting these technologies.
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways is actively considering the use of advanced technologies such as 5G and C-V2X to reduce road accidents.
In October 2023, the Indian Government’s Telecommunication Engineering Centre (TEC) published a report endorsing C-V2X technology. In October 2024, TEC established a dedicated Task Force to drive the development and implementation of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) across India.
